Master Theses and Dissertations

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An Analysis of Morphophonological Processes of Loan Words From English to Gikuyu
(Laikipia University, 2015-11) Ndung’u, Anne Wanjiru
When contact occurs between two or more languages, there is bound to be some sort of language influence which can affect either of the languages concerned. In Kenya, English has had extensive contact with the Kenyan speaking communities for nearly a century. Due to this contact there has been a considerable influence of English on Kenyan ethnic languages. Lexical borrowing between English and Gikuyu is quite prevalent. Usually, English is the donor language while Gikuyu is the recipient. This study was motivated by the fact that morphophonological processes that English words borrowed by Gikuyu undergo in order to fit into the latter’s system has not been accorded much scholarly attention. The study is an analysis of morphophonological processes English loan words undergo to fit into Gikuyu sound system. The study set out to investigate the morphophonological processes that Gikuyu loan words from English undergo to fit in the Gikuyu system. In particular the Processes that Gikuyu nouns borrowed from English undergo to be accepted in Gikuyu sound structure were analyzed. The study was guided by the theory of Natural Generative Phonology by J.B.Hooper. A descriptive research design was used for the study. Judgmental sampling procedure obtained data from a random sample of fifty respondents drawn from selected professions in Kiharu Division of Murang’a County. The data incorporated an assortment of words from the following fields of interest: Health, Transport, Education, Business/Trade, Religion, Police Service, Government and Law, Domesticity, Auto-motive mechanics and Building and Construction. Two research instruments namely interview schedule and audio recording were used to generate the data. Results indicate that Gikuyu replaces English segments with Gikuyu sounds at initial, medial or final word position. The study further noted that Gikuyu employs several processes to nativize the loan words borrowed from English. These processes were consonant deletion, consonant substitution/alteration, stop sound prenasalization, vowel insertion, epenthesis, vowel lengthening, vowel monophthongization, fore clipping, apocope, adoption of clipped words, calque and lexicalization of acronyms and letter words. The findings of this study will be useful to researchers in applied linguistics and educationists in the area of language pedagogy.
An Analysis of The Influence of First Language (L1) Transfer on Spoken English on Secondary Schools in Mogotio Sub-County, Baringo County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2015-11) Marotse, S Violet.
There is a notable decline in the performance of spoken English in secondary schools in Mogotio Sub County. The causes of this decline are not known. It is speculated that first language (L1) among other factors is responsible for this decline. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of L1 on spoken English language in selected secondary schools in Mogotio Sub County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to identify the nature of errors in spoken English, categorize LI transfer errors and establish whether performance in spoken English influences students’ communicative competence in written English among sampled students in secondary schools in Mogotio Sub County. The study was guided by error analysis, inter-language, contrastive analysis and Eckman’s markedness differential Hypothesis. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approach. The study was based on a descriptive survey design. Data were collected by means of a guided written composition and a reading proficiency test. The reading sessions were recorded and transcribed for purposes of analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study population comprised Form Two students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of the study. A study sample of 279 form two students from four secondary schools was involved in the study. The study found out that the errors made in this study were classified as phoneme deletion, phoneme oddity, syllable deletion, phoneme identification, phoneme segmentation, phoneme substitution, phoneme addition, inter-lingual errors and intralingual errors. More errors in language use occurred in the context of use of the homophones pail and pale. It was also observed that the position of the sound in a word influenced the nature of errors made by the L2 language users. The frequency of errors in pronouncing the sound /p/ was highest when the sound appeared word initially but relatively fewer errors were reported in both word medially and word finally. The study also concludes that performance in spoken English influenced students’ communicative competence in written English among the students in Mogotio Sub County. The study recommends that teachers should view students’ errors positively and not as the learners’ failure to grasp the rules and structures of English. The results of this study may be useful to ESL teachers in secondary schools in Kenya.
An Analysis of The Strategic Factors That Impede Growth Of Institutions of Higher Learning in Nyahururu Sub-County, Laikipia County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2014-10) Ndungu, Musoma John
institutions of higher learning help to serve as a model environment for the practice of good governance, conflict resolution and respect for human rights and thus enabling economic growth of any nation, any county or any region. This is the reason as to why their presence and growth is of importance for any economic growth to be realized. However, in Nyahururu Sub County such Institutions begin but most never grow, other portray negative growth rate and other are extinct. This trend has not been explained. This research therefore sought to analyze the strategic factors that impede the growth of these Institutions in Nyahururu Sub County. The specific objectives included determination whether Product differentiation, competition and marketing strategy impede growth of these institutions of higher learning in Nyahururu Sub County. This research was based on “Institutional Theory” which considers the processes by which structures, including schemas, rules, norms and routines. The Institutional theorists assert that the institutional environment can strongly influence the development and growth of formal structures in an organization. The study design was survey method where the entire target population was sampled. The Target population was 76, who included Senior Management and Administrative Staff of Six Institutions of Higher learning in Nyahururu Sub County registered by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and offering diplomas and above. A census was the applied to all the 76 respondents. The researcher used both the primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from Institutions annual reports, documents analysis and Institutions Magazines. Data analysis was done using Multiple regression analysis methods for inference which was used to analysis the relationship that exists between the variables. The study revealed institutions were able to use product differentiation comfortably in all areas under study while competition was found to be the highest impeding factor. The study recommends further study on a comparative survey of factors that influence learners‟ choice of different institution of higher learning institutions: a research into alternative courses in different institutions and their role on competition and growth of institutions and the role of alternate markets on growth of institutions of higher learning. Institutions Management could benefit from the finding more especially in informed strategic decisions for Institutional growth. The finding would also be of great help to scholars and scientific researchers interested on the subject under study.
An Analysis of The Strategic Factors That Impede Growth Of Institutions of Higher Learning in Nyahururu Sub-County, Laikipia County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2014-10) Ndungu, Musoma John
An Assessment of The Relationship Between Service Quality Dimensions, Performance Benchmarks And Customer Satisfaction In Eldoret Law Courts
(Laikipia University, 2016-09) Cherere, Thripsisa Wanjiku
Users of the justice system supply chain have the right to receive high levels of quality service. The 9093 service delivery received by the Judiciary between June 2012 and June 2013 are an indicator that the public is generally dissatisfied with the quality of services offered by the Judiciary. The general objective of this study was to assess the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction in Eldoret law courts using the SERVQUAL model. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction, to investigate the moderating effects of performance benchmarks on the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction and to examine the joint effects of service quality dimensions and performance benchmarks on customer satisfaction at Eldoret Law Courts. Major theories used in this study include the assimilation - contrast theory to explain the relationships among the service quality and customer satisfaction variables, Contrast theory to provide insights into customers post usage evaluations and equity theory to effectively address the major objective to customer satisfaction through the legal reforms in the country. Data was collected from a population of 1815 respondents made up of 140 convicts, 83 remandees, 23 advocates and 82 parties with pending children cases obtained using stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected using on-the-spot-administered structured questionnaires developed on a five Point-Likert type scale and a questionnaire. Secondary data was used to compare the findings in the primary data. The instrument’s content validity was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient alpha reliability test which ranged from 0.823-0.920. Data was analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. This study established that, all the service quality dimension factors are useful measures of satisfaction. This study found that all the respondents were not satisfied with the quality of services rendered at Eldoret law courts and especially the remandees who were least satisfied. The results from ANOVA provide the p value of .000 at 95% confidence level and therefore the study rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that there was a significant relationship service quality dimensions, performance benchmarks and customer satisfaction. The study findings may contribute significantly to the development of strategies by policy makers in the judiciary, reduce the levels of dissatisfaction by providing quality services and enhance service delivery in the Judiciary.
An Examination of Political Domination And Correctional Institutions: The Case Of Manyani Prison In Kenya, 1952 – 2003.
(Laikipia University, 2016-09) Ndungu, Kungu John.
In the study of prisons, new patterns of interest to historians tend to emerge especially in the context of the colonial and post colonial states. Within the colonial context, state punishment was predominantly exclusionary within the metropole and throughout most of the twentieth century as the dominant penal discourse. It is within this context that this study examined the concept of political domination in context to Manyani prison. The institution was started as a holding camp for “hard core” Mau Mau fighters. Manyani held Mau Mau fighters from 1952 to 1959. It was also used to detain political figures who opposed both Kenyatta and Moi governments. The colonial government preferred Manyani prison because of its harsh environment that was expected to exert maximum physical torture on the detainees so that they could plead guilty and assist in ending the Mau Mau uprising. The study accounted for the place of crime and punishment during the pre-colonial and colonial period. It examined prison conditions and established the rationale for the continued use of the institution long after independence. The methodology of study included collection of both primary and secondary data as well as archival reading and field work. Informants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling procedures. The study utilized internal and external criticism for data analysis. The study provided a historical analysis of Manyani prison from colonial to post colonial era. It also established factors that led to the establishment of Manyani prison. The study unearthed conditions of inmates in Kenya’s correction services, traced the growth and development of the prisons in Kenya. The study added to the historiography of prisons in Kenya. Other beneficiaries of the study include policy makers in the government and the human rights crusaders
An Examination of The Effect of Corporate Governance Practices on The Financial Performance of Housing Cooperatives In Nairobi County
(Laikipia University, 2017-12) Kyaitha, Ronald Sevu
Housing cooperatives were introduced in Kenya in the early 1980s to strengthen marketing and resource mobilization initiatives of small scale producers. Official statistics obtained from the Ministry of Co-operative Development show that there were 650 registered housing co-operatives affiliated to National Co-operative Housing Union (NACHU) as at the year 2014, with only 248 being active with 400 others being dormant and 2 having been liquidated (Co-operative Yearbook Kenya, 2013). This clearly indicates that 62 per cent of the housing cooperatives have not achieved the objectives for which they were formed. The purpose of this study was to critically examine the effect of Corporate Governance Practices on the financial performance of housing cooperatives in Nairobi County. The study was guided by the following theories: the Agency theory, the Stakeholder theory, Stewardship theory and Institutional theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The design was more appropriate for this study as it is being used to assess current practices and made judgment without manipulating or controlling the variables. The target population is 650 housing cooperatives .Random sampling technique was used to obtain the sample. A sample size of 59 housing cooperatives was used which was derived using the Fischer formula. The study used questionnaires, group discussions and interviews to collect primary data. Secondary data was sourced from reports, publications, journals, public records and statistics from the Kenya National Bureau of statistics. A pilot study was carried out to ascertain reliability. Reliability was determined using the Cronbach coefficient Alpha. A coefficient of 0.9 was computed implying a high degree of reliability of the data. Validity of the research instrument was ascertained through content validity. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Statistical significance was analyzed by the correlation co-efficient (r), R-squared, the F test and standard error of the estimate. The research findings were presented through tables and charts. The major findings of the study were that corporate governance practices significantly affect financial performance of housing cooperatives. Pearson correlation co-efficient of r=0.366 for accountability and financial performance was generated indicating a statistically significant effect. For auditing and financial performance a Pearson correlation co-efficient of 0.351 was generated while separation of ownership and financial performance yielded a Pearson correlation co-efficient of 0.289.Moderating variables and financial performance yielded a Pearson correlation co-efficient of 0.310. A multiple regression model FP = 3.805 + 1.562 ACT + 5.589 AU -1.83 SO + 0.260 MV was used to determine the effect of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of housing cooperatives. The study recommends that an independent oversight regulatory authority on housing cooperatives should be established to regulate accountability standards especially documentation of facts and work values in housing cooperatives whereby the results findings indicated declining standards of the same. The study also recommends that the role of auditing committees should be enhanced. This resonates well with the research findings which indicated that auditing committees were not well defined in some housing cooperatives. This study will be significant to the Government of Kenya which is currently reviewing cooperative development policy .It will also be beneficial to housing co-operatives as they seek to increase their financial viability to maximize output.
An Investigation on Effects Of Change Management Strategies on Performance in The Kenyan Judiciary: A Case Of Nyahururu Law Courts
(Laikipia University, 2014-09) Mong’are, Bitutu Alice (Miencha)
The Kenyan Judiciary’s chief mission is to resolve disputes in a just manner with a view to protecting the rights and liberties of Kenyans. To effectuate the above mission, the Judiciary has in the recent past through commissions, task forces and strategic plans introduced several strategies of change management. However, the strategies in place as seen in the Ouko Commission’s Report have not fully addressed the concerns of consumers of justice as the Judiciary’s performance is still wanting. The study was designed to investigate the effects of change management strategies on performance in the Kenyan Judiciary. It aimed at establishing how employing business process re-engineering impacted on performance in Judiciary; to establish how allowing stakeholders control as a strategy of change management impacts on performance of the judiciary and finding out how making use of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism as a strategy of change has influenced performance in Kenyan Judiciary. The study was based on three theories: Contingency, Institutional and Agency theories. The study was a survey design and used questionnaires and key informant interview to gather primary data. Target population was 98 staff and Court User’s Committee members of the Nyahururu Law Courts. Using Cochran’s formula a stratified sample of 54 members was studied. Secondary data was collected from the court documents. A pilot test was carried out to establish the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with aid of statistical package for social sciences computer software tool. Quantitative data was presented using charts, graphs while qualitative data was presented using narratives. Multiple regression and correlation analysis methods were used to draw inferences. Correlation analysis showed that Business Process Engineering had the highest R value at 0.562, followed by stakeholders control with an R value of 0.406 and the most weak was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) with a R value of 0.404. This showed Business Process Engineering had strongest relationship to the improved performance of judiciary, followed by stakeholders control and the last was ADR. The study recommends further research into Challenges facing Staffs’ contribution to Reforms Process in the Judiciary, impediments to effective Judicial Reforms in the Magistrates courts and the effect of public vetting of judges on reforms in the country. The study would benefit the judiciary staff in that after introduction of BPR they could be empowered and collaboration among them improved resulting in performance.
Analysis of Constraints Faced by Small Medium Enterprises in Using Crowdfunding as A Source of Start-Up Capital In Nakuru County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2014-10) Odhiambo, Edwin O.
Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya face difficulty in accessing formal financing. This therefore means that there is a capital gap existing in Kenya which particularly affects the limited opportunities for establishment and development of new business ventures. The concept of crowdfunding could be a solution to this capital gap. This study sought to analyze the constraints faced by Kenyan SMEs in using crowdfunding as a source of start-up capital. The study was based on three theories, the agency theory, the stakeholder theory and the static trade-off theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design because the objective of the study was systematic description of facts surrounding the use of crowdfunding. It targeted Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of crowdfunding platforms and entrepreneurs who had used crowdfunding to finance their business ventures. Self-administered structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 125 entrepreneurs operating small businesses within Nakuru County. Stratified proportionate sampling coupled with simple random sampling and snowball sampling were applied in selecting the respondents. Once the data had been collected it was processed, coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software tool. The results were presented using frequency tables, graphs and percentages. The research findings indicated that, a good percentage of SMEs have embraced crowdfunding with 49% of them having secured funds through this system. These SMEs highlighted risk of idea stealing, desire by financial supporters to gain control in the venture, lack of intellectual property rights and legal issues to be the major constraints that would stop them from tapping into the crowdfunding. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the constraints surrounding crowdfunding affect to a larger extent its use as a source of financing. The study also indicated that as much as SMEs are using crowdfunding, they still prefer the use of the traditional sources like banks. Based on the results of the study and the conclusions, the following key recommendations were made: Crowdfunding is a very good alternative to traditional fundraising. In order to be successful, the campaign has to be carefully designed upfront and executed with a lot of dedication. Credibility of projects generally increases when there is a team of multiple project initiators. It is important that they publish updates during the fundraising period in order to sustain this credibility. Crowdfunding platforms should facilitate and guide project initiators in such a way that they can easily optimize the success drivers. Crowdfunding platforms should facilitate and guide project initiators in such a way that they can easily optimize the success drivers.
Analysis of The Extent of Mobile Banking Transactions Contribution To Banks’ Commissions Growth. A Case of Kcb Retail Banking
(Laikipia University, 2015-11) Ogeto, Nyambariga James
Increased competition in the banking industry has led to banks adopting new and innovative strategies to stem competition and increase their commissions. One of the strategies adopted by banks in Kenya is mobile banking. Despite KCB’s heavy investment in mobile banking as a new avenue of commission growth, its effects on the commissions whether positive or negative requires to be ascertained. This study sought to analyze mobile banking transactions contribution to overall banks’ commissions growth. The study employed profit maximization theory of economic finance attributed to Marshall A. which was the rational behavior of equilibrium assumption. A descriptive research design was employed for this study. The study used relevant secondary data collected from KCB’s financial reports from KCB retail banking head office finance unit where financial performance records are archived. The data was analyzed using both gap and regression analysis techniques to determine the change in commissions in relation to mobile transactions contribution. Through analysis the study established that mobile banking transaction commissions were increasing steadily for the five year period of study. There was positive contribution of mobile banking commissions towards the bank’s commission growth. The study also established that mobile banking balance inquiry contributed 31.0% to total mobile banking commissions; mobile banking account to mpesa contributed 56.0% to total mobile banking commissions and; mobile banking bank account to account transfers contributed 8.0% to total mobile banking commissions. Mobile banking balance inquiry, mobile account to M-pesa money transfer and mobile bank account to account money transfer had a significant contribution to the bank’s commissions’ growth. In particular, account to M-pesa was found to contribute a greater percentage to commissions’ growth. Through regression analysis the three independent variables of study had positive coefficient: balance inquiry had a coefficient of 1970.14, bank account to mpesa funds transfer had a coefficient of 1117.15 and bank account to bank account funds transfer had a coefficient of 925.99. The three independent variables were found to be significant. Since the findings indicated mobile banking contributed positively to the bank’s commissions, the study recommends that banks should sensitize their customers on benefits of usage of mobile banking services to ensure the daily mobile banking transactions increase gradually.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Employee Engagement In Flower Farms: A Survey Of Flower Farms In Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2016-09) Ngure, Njoroge George
To gain access to the export market, Kenyan flower farms must adhere to certain international work place standards. These standards, also known as Fair Trade rules require that employees are involved in decisions affecting their welfare, are paid wages above the legal minimum, work in a safe and secure environment and do not work for more than 46 hours in a week. However, complaints on poor management, long working hours, low pay and unhealthy working conditions dominate the sector. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence employee engagement in the flower farms in Naivasha sub-county and was guided by the following objectives: to examine the effects of leadership style, remuneration, work place flexibility and safety conditions on employee engagement in these farms. The study adopted a descriptive study research design. The target population was 10,997 employees working in selected flower farms along Lake Naivasha. The sample size consisted of 386 unionisable employees selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis involved regression analysis with the help of the SPSS version 22. The data gives a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.785. The Cronbach’s alpha indicates that the questionnaires were reliable. The study suggested that the respondents were not satisfied with leadership style, remuneration levels and workplace flexibility. The study indicated that respondents were satisfied with safety conditions at the workplace. Leadership style, remuneration and workplace flexibility exhibited a strong positive correlation with employee engagement while safety conditions had a weak correlation. They all however exhibited a significant linear relationship with employee engagement. From the results the study concluded that the factors that influence employee engagement in selected flower farms in Naivasha sub-county included leadership style, remuneration, work place flexibility and safety conditions. The study recommends a review of remuneration and workplace flexibility practices since they had the lowest ratings compared to leadership style and safety conditions. In particular, the farms should review remuneration levels, introduce employee assistance programs and encourage participation from employees in order to empower them and increase engagement. The farms should also consider introducing flexible working hours and increasing work autonomy so that employees can schedule their work in a manner that allows them to attend to non-work matters during off peak seasons. It is hoped that this study will make some contribution to good human resource practices in the flower sector and contribute to the existing literature on human resource management. It would be beneficial if further research could be conducted in other flower farms and across other agricultural sub sectors in the entire country since this study focused on selected flower farms in Naivasha Sub- County.
Assessment of The Contribution of Selected Government Strategies Towards Youth Self-Employment: Case of Youth Groups in Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2014-10) Kimani, Nganga Amos.
In Kenya, the economic growth rate has not been sufficient to create enough employment opportunities to absorb the ever increasing labour force of about five hundred thousand (500,000) people annually. About seventy five percent (75%) of youth are unemployed. The Human Capital theory asserts that more education brings more earnings or better employment. Yet youth unemployment has been growing despite the government spending more than three hundred billion shillings annually on employment creation initiatives. Empirical studies of government employment initiatives with a focus on youth groups’ selfemployment in Naivasha Sub-County have not been done. This study intended to assess selected Kenyan government strategies towards youth self employment in Naivasha Sub- County. The objectives of this study included; to examine the influence of school curriculum on self employment initiatives among the youth in Naivasha Sub-County, determine the influence of vocational training on self employment initiatives among the youth and determine the influence of youth funds availability on self employment initiatives among the youth . The study used a descriptive research involving survey method. The study used both primary data and secondary. The study population consisted of all the one hundred licensed youth groups with businesses in Naivasha Sub-County, Nakuru County. Stratified sampling technique was used to determine the sample size while simple random sampling was used to select the sample from the stratified data. Based on the population size, a sample size of eighty groups was selected by using the Sample size table. Data was collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was done to ensure reliability and validity of research instruments. The data was analysed using regression. The results were presented in graphs, charts, tables and figures. The P value for school curriculum variable was 0.065, the P value for vocational training variable was 0.055, the P value for youth enterprise funds variable was 0.054, therefore the selected variable have significant influence on self employment initiatives. The study concluded that selected government strategies to enhance selfemployment have to a large extent contributed towards self employment initiatives. This study will assist the government to come with new strategies to alleviate youth unemployment problem and form a basis of future research on other government strategies to alleviate youth unemployment.
Changamoto Za Vijana Katika Riwaya Teule Za Ken Walibora
(Laikipia University, 2015-10) Ogutu, Onyango Harrison
The question of challenges encountered by the youths in any society is very critical. It is estimated that the youths represent a big percentage of the population in the society and therefore they cannot be ignored, Kenyan Constitution (2010). Nevertheless, the youths are faced with numerous challenges in their daily lives. Although many scholars have written much on Walibora‟s literary works, not much has been done on the challenges facing the youths as characters in his novels. This research therefore dealt with how the author exposed the challenges facing the youth characters as well as the impact of those challenges on the lives of the youth and the society. The researcher critically analysed how various language devices were used by the writer to expose those challenges as depicted in Kufa Kuzikana, Ndoto ya Almasi and Kidagaa Kimemwozea.This research was guided by the theory of realism whose function is to portray the truth as it is. Realism theory deals with real and true presentation of issues in literary works. A realist believes that any literary work should place the members of the society in their ordinary environment. Two pillars of realism theory were applied in this research, that is; the pillar that emphasizes on direct imitation of the reality in the surrounding environment and secondly, the pillar that examines how language devices are used to portray realism in character and theme exposition. Research design in this research was purely descriptive. Youth characters and the challenges encountered by this group in Walibora‟s novels was the target population. The main place of research was the selected novels which were read intensively and extensively and data collected in written form. The methodology used in data collection was perusal and content analysis. A descriptive qualitative analysis was used in analyzing data based on research objectives. The selection of the study novels was done purposively on the basis of the fact that they were likely to be embedded with current themes on challenges facing the youth since majority of the characters were youths.. It was hoped that the outcome of this research will be a reference point by the critiques, scholars and researchers of literary works, language and linguistics and also help create awareness in the society on the challenges faced by the youths. The challenges exposed included tribalism, oppression, poverty, corruption and drug abuse. Those challenges had effects such as: school drop-out, early-unwanted pregnancies, death and injuries. The researcher recommended inclusivity of real challenges faced by the youths and the subsequent solutions to such challenges in the education system so as to enlighten both the adults and the young on this challenges.
Communicating social issues through graffiti in Secondary schools: a case study of selected schools in West Pokot County, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2016-10) Kariuki, Gladys Njeri
Graffiti assume the form of written language or drawings on surfaces in public places. Their authorship is private and writers are anonymous. They are often viewed as illegal. Graffiti are however a form of public communication. Their authors who are usually denied other channels of communication use them as avenues for selfexpression and to pass messages across on real-life issues affecting them. Students in secondary schools in Kenya are one such group that use graffiti to express their opinions. Since they do not always enjoy the privilege of making decisions or taking part in discussions on matters affecting them directly and indirectly, they fall back on graffiti as an alternative medium of communication within their places of residenceschools. It is not clear how the majority of students in schools express their feelings to authorities about their circumstances at school although there is evidence of persistent graffiti writing in many secondary schools in Kenya. Is it possible that since students may have limited ways of expressing their issues to the school administration, they would resort to the use of graffiti that is pervasive in schools? This study therefore attempted to investigate the use of graffiti by students in secondary schools as a communication strategy to bring out the issues that affect them in schools. Specifically, the study sought to: identify and describe types of graffiti found in secondary schools; describe stylistic features of graffiti found in secondary schools; determine the social issues communicated by graffiti in secondary schools; and establish the different attitudes towards graffiti by both students and teachers in secondary schools. The study was guided by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Norman Fairclough and Geoffrey Leech’s Model of Stylistic Analysis. A sampling frame of the schools was constructed from the four divisions in West Pokot County namely: Kapenguri, Chepareria, Lelan and Riwo. Ten schools out of approximately fifty schools in the county chosen were selected from each division. Graffiti texts were collected in these ten secondary schools that were purposively sampled. Out of these, one hundred texts, ten from each school, were sampled for analysis. Fifty students and twenty teachers from these schools were randomly selected and interviewed using different interview schedules and their responses recorded on audio tapes. The data collected was analysed and presented in tables. The data was mainly analysed qualitatively, although some quantitative data was used for simple percentages to arrive at inferences and conclusions. The findings were that there are different perceptions towards graffiti by both students and teachers in secondary schools. Graffiti also used unique stylistic devices such as repetition, short word forms, use of nicknames and slogans among others. The findings of this research may be beneficial to the head teachers, quality assurance and standard officers, students’ counsellors, policy makers and other stakeholders who will gain knowledge on the meaning of graffiti which they will use to understand the students and why they use graffiti to express their opinions in their schools. Classroom teachers may also use graffiti to establish the unspoken students’ problems and behaviour and thus prevent indiscipline cases arising in their schools. It is also relevant and useful to the study of linguistics in general and particularly to the field of Stylistics, Discourse studies and Sociolinguistics by giving an analysis of language use in society.
Diskosi Ya Mafunzo Ya Tendo La Ndoa Katika Jando Miongoni Mwa Wakipsigis Nchini Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2024-10) Kirui, Kimutai Nicholas
Initiation ceremony is a very crucial avenue for advising intiates on matters of sexuality. Though sexuality in most African communities is a taboo issue that is rarely openly discussed, a number of scholars have written on discourse analysis in different fields. In this aspect not much has been done on sexuality discourse in the initiation context among the Kipsigis community. This study therefore, seeks to unravel the sexuality discourses in initiation context of the Kipsigis community. The specific objectives of this research was to discuss the themes of sexuality discourses and to evaluate modes of expressing sexuality discourses during Kipsigis initiation rites. This research was guided by the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) theory guided by these pillars: Referential, predicational, argumentation, perspectivation, intensification and mitigation. The data for this research was collected from the library and in the field. At the library the researcher read articles, journals and books from different scholars on internet. At the field, the researcher interacted with the community while collecting data. The researcher used two methods of collecting data that is interview and discussions. Field work research was aided by a recording device called a digital tape recorder. The taped teachings were transcribed in order to identify sexuality discourse topics and strategies used to teach them. The target population was the Kipsigis community and all the topics taught during seclusion. This research dealt with discourses of sexuality taught during male initiation in Kipsigis community. The main place of research was Bomet County, where the Kipsigis community lives. Only three subcounties of Bomet County were selected to represent whole county, these were: Chepalungu, Bomet east and Sotik sub-counties. One specialist from each region was picked. The selection of these subcounties were based on cultural consideration since they have not been affected by urbanization. In order to get accurate data, this research also picked two initiates from the seven age sets. Some of the outcomes of this research revealed that the themes taught are; permission to engage into sexual intercourse, how to engage into sexual affair, persons with whom to engage sexual affairs with and ethics to consider during sexual affair. Some of the strategies used to teach these topics are metaphors, euphemism, symbolism and sarcasm. The findings of this research will be reference point to discourse scholars and discourse analysts. It is anticipated that this research will create a deeper insight into sexuality discourses in gender context. Hopefully the findings will help the policy makers in formulation of policies and strategies that will address gender issues.
Effect of Budgetary Control on Delivery of Capital Projects In Samburu County Government, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2024-06) Lesorogol, Nelson Joseph.
To meet their financial objectives, public entities frequently use budgeting as a tool for budgetary control. On the global level, budgetary control systems are used as planning and performance evaluation tools. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Samburu County Government's budget planning affected the completion of building projects. The objectives were to determine how the budget affects capital projects in the Samburu County Government, how monitoring the cash flow budget affects capital project delivery, and how capital-spending planning affects capital project delivery. The investigation into how budgetary control affects capital project delivery in the Samburu County Government was based on the financial theories of agencies, stakeholders, and institutions. A correlation study design was used to forecast the effects on operational budgets, cash flow budgets, and capital expenditure planning over five years between 2017 and 2021. Fifty employees from the 10 Samburu County ministries who work in the job groups J, K, and L were the focus of the study. These departmental leaders were actively involved in creating the budget. Because the target population was limited, the study used the census process to interview all 50 of the selected respondents. Surveys were used to collect the basic data for the study. The use of competent and administrative assumptions verified the substance's legitimacy. A pilot test was conducted at the Laikipia County Government to assess the dependability of the study instruments. The descriptive examination was used to summarize the acquired data. The data were analyzed for relationships using Stata 13, and the impacts were discovered using regression analysis for the impact of operation budget evaluation on capital project execution in Samburu County. The results of this study showed that capital project delivery in Samburu County was essentially affected by budget control, which clarified 77.3% of the fluctuation with P ˂ 0.05. The findings also demonstrated that the Public Finance Management Act 2012 significantly moderated the relationship between budget control and capital project delivery, where the effect size significantly increased to 85.3% of the variance with P ˂ 0.05. The findings of this study can assist county governments in better understanding the factors that influence county budget management frameworks and performance, as well as what ought to be changed to upgrade the aforementioned budget execution. Findings can also be helpful to academics while looking into how budgetary control affects the provision of public services. It may offer politicians and other decision-makers new insights into the delivery of capital projects and the management of public resources.
Effect Of Budgetary Control On Delivery Of Capital Projects In Samburu County Government, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2024-06) Lesorogol, Joseph Nelson
Effect of Budgetary Control on Delivery of Capital Projects in Samburu County Government, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2024-06) Lesorogol, Nelson Joseph.
To meet their financial objectives, public entities frequently use budgeting as a tool for budgetary control. On the global level, budgetary control systems are used as planning and performance evaluation tools. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Samburu County Government's budget planning affected the completion of building projects. The objectives were to determine how the budget affects capital projects in the Samburu County Government, how monitoring the cash flow budget affects capital project delivery, and how capital-spending planning affects capital project delivery. The investigation into how budgetary control affects capital project delivery in the Samburu County Government was based on the financial theories of agencies, stakeholders, and institutions. A correlation study design was used to forecast the effects on operational budgets, cash flow budgets, and capital expenditure planning over five years between 2017 and 2021. Fifty employees from the 10 Samburu County ministries who work in the job groups J, K, and L were the focus of the study. These departmental leaders were actively involved in creating the budget. Because the target population was limited, the study used the census process to interview all 50 of the selected respondents. Surveys were used to collect the basic data for the study. The use of competent and administrative assumptions verified the substance's legitimacy. A pilot test was conducted at the Laikipia County Government to assess the dependability of the study instruments. The descriptive examination was used to summarize the acquired data. The data were analyzed for relationships using Stata 13, and the impacts were discovered using regression analysis for the impact of operation budget evaluation on capital project execution in Samburu County. The results of this study showed that capital project delivery in Samburu County was essentially affected by budget control, which clarified 77.3% of the fluctuation with P ˂ 0.05. The findings also demonstrated that the Public Finance Management Act 2012 significantly moderated the relationship between budget control and capital project delivery, where the effect size significantly increased to 85.3% of the variance with P ˂ 0.05. The findings of this study can assist county governments in better understanding the factors that influence county budget management frameworks and performance, as well as what ought to be changed to upgrade the aforementioned budget execution. Findings can also be helpful to academics while looking into how budgetary control affects the provision of public services. It may offer politicians and other decision-makers new insights into the delivery of capital projects and the management of public resources
Effect of Job Training Approaches on Employee Performance at Nakuru Provincial Hospital
(Laikipia University, 2015-11) Kamario, Lenai Joseph.
Employee training methods form an indispensable strategic tool for employee performance and by extension organizational success justifying the reasons for the ever increasing budgets on an annual basis purposely to enhance employee performance in the health sector. Every year, Kenya’s Ministry of health spends a substantive amount of money on employee training with key emphasis on providing quality health services. However, even after devolving health services in the new 2010 constitutional dispensation, quality of health services is still wanting as evidenced by the staff unrest and patient complaints. With that in the hindsight, this study sought to establish if the various job training approaches have effect on employee performance of the Nakuru provincial General hospital. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of job training methods on employee performance in health sector at Nakuru provincial hospital. Three theories namely Attitude Theory, Motivation Theory and General Systems Theory (GST) guided this study. Using a descriptive survey design the target population consisted of employees from various departments of the hospital such as Nurses, doctors, pharmacists, clinical officers, laboratory technicians and health records staff at Nakuru Provincial General Hospital. A sample size of 226 respondents was selected using a sampling matrix of Krejcie and Morgan from a total population of 550 possible respondents. The data was collected by the use of both open and close ended questionnaires which were delivered by the researcher on drop and pick later basis. Secondary data for health performance index of the hospital for a retrospective period of three years (2012-2014) was also collected. A pilot test was undertaken at Nakuru Provincial Hospital to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which were done with the aid of SPSS. Descriptive results involved calculation of frequencies, ranking, percentages, mean and standard deviations. Pearson Correlation analysis was used for establishing the association between independent and dependent variables. From the descriptive results, 92.92% respondents indicated that training generally brings about performance change while 7.08% indicated that it does not bring about performance change. The findings show there is a strong association between job rotation (r=0.667), Coaching (r=0.753) and employee performance while simulation (r=0.480) and Vestibule training (0.390) have a moderate association with employee performance according to Cohen correlation decision rules. However, vestibule training method was found to be rarely used in the hospital. Overall both on the job and off the job training methods are occasionally undertaken in Nakuru General Hospital. The Hospital performance index shows improved performance which can be attributed to training approaches. The study concludes that job training approaches have effect on employee performance at the Nakuru Provincial General Hospital. These findings may be useful to the managers of health facilities and contribution to both theory and body of knowledge on employee training and its relationships.
Effect of Motivational Factors on Quality of Work Life Among Prison Officers in Naivasha Main Prison, Kenya
(Laikipia University, 2015-11) Kodeck, Obonyo Mose
Kenya prison service has undergone reforms which are geared towards improving the quality of work life of prison officers. This has been as result of go slow of prison officer in the year 2008. The go slow led to loss of employment of senior officers through retirement on public interest. The purpose of study was to examine the effects of motivating factors on quality of work life of prison officers. The specific objectives included; to examine the effect of working conditions on quality of work life of prison officers in Naivasha Main prison, to examine the effect of reward on quality of work life of prison officers in Naivasha Main prison, to assess the effect of the employee participation on quality of work life of prison officers in Naivasha Main prison, and to examine the effect of employee supervision on quality of work life of prison officers in Naivasha Main prison. The study was based on theory of motivation with focus on; Equity theory, Maslow’s of needs and Herzberg’s theories of motivation and Expectancy theory. The research adopted a descriptive research design involving a case study approach. The target population was made up of the 548 officers of various ranks of Naivasha Main Prison. A sample of 232 which is 42% of Naivasha Main Prison was drawn from the target population. The response rate was 66%(152 respondents .The study utilized self-administered questionnaires to collect data. A pilot study was undertaken in Naivasha medium prison before the actual data collection. Reliability and validity of the instrument was tested using Cronbach’s coefficient test and Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.822 holds for pilot study. The study found that prison officers are not satisfied with working conditions. Also they are not satisfied with rewards offered by the service. Equally they are dissatisfied with employee participation and employee supervision. Data analysis involved Pearson’s correlation and regression methods which were done with the aid of (SPSS) Statistical Package for Social Science version 22.0.We thus fail to accept the null hypothesis in all variables and state that there is a significant relationship between working conditions, reward, employee participation and employee supervision and quality of work life. Regression analysis was done to determine the relationship between working environment, reward, employee participation, and employee supervision and quality of work life. The study recommends that there is an urgent need for the Kenyan government to address aspects working condition, reward systems, employee participation and employee participation for prison officers.The study was of importance to government since it contributes towards drawing policies to enhance quality of work life of prison officers. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by unveiling the factors affecting quality of work life of prison officers and hence improvement of quality of work life among prison officers.